In 2013, Android had a problem. The OS that launched on the G1 with 192 MB RAM had ballooned to require 1 GB minimum. The Galaxy S4 and HTC One had 2 GB, but the next billion smartphone buyers — in India, Indonesia, Brazil, Africa — couldn’t afford $600 flagships. They’d be buying $50–100 phones with 512 MB RAM, and Android 4.3 Jelly Bean couldn’t run on those devices.